Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. On 15 November 2000, the southern part of Bihar was carved out to form a new state. Jharkhand means “The Land of Forests”. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Chhattisgarh to the west, Odisha to the southwest, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of 79,710 km2. The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka is its subcapital. Dumka and Ranchi are often referred to as the “twin cities of Jharkhand”. Other major cities in Jharkhand state are Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Hazaribagh.