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Satyendra Nath Bose: A Bengali Mathematician And Physicist On His Birth Anniversary.

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Satyendra Nath Bose: A Bengali Mathematician And Physicist On His Birth Anniversary.

Last updated on April 18th, 2023 at 05:04 pm

Estimated reading time: 3 minutes

Satyendra Nath Bose was a Bengali mathematician and physicist who specialized in theoretical physics. He is most famous for his contributions to quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, including the development of the foundation for Bose statistics and the theory of the Bose condensate. He was awarded India’s second-highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in 1954 by the Government of India.

Paul Dirac named the class of particles that obey Bose statistics, bosons, after Bose. He was a polymath with interests in varied fields including physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy, philosophy, arts, literature, and music. He served on many research and development committees in India when it was a sovereign nation.

Early Life:-

– Bose was born in Calcutta, which is now Kolkata, as the eldest of seven children in a Bengali Kayastha family. He was the only son, followed by 6 sisters. His ancestral home was in the village of Bara Jagulia, in the district of Nadia, in the Bengal Presidency. Near his home, his schooling began at the age of five. He was admitted into the New Indian School when his family moved to Goabagan.

– He was admitted into the Hindu School in his final year of school. He stood fifth in the order of merit in his entrance examination (matriculation) in 1909. His next teachers after joining the intermediate science course at the Presidency College, Calcutta, included Jagadish Chandra Bose, Sarada Prasanna Das, and Prafulla Chandra Ray.

– In 1913, Bose graduated from Presidency College with a Bachelor of Science in mixed mathematics and was first in his class. He joined Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee’s newly formed Science College in 1915 and again stood first in the MSc mixed mathematics exam. A new record was set in the University of Calcutta’s annals when he got his marks in the MSc examination, and this record has yet to be surpassed.

– Bose joined the Science College, Calcutta University as a research scholar in 1916, after completing his MSc, and started his studies in the theory of relativity. This was an exciting time for scientific advancements. Important results started pouring in when quantum theory first appeared on the horizon.

– He worked in the Engineering Department of the East Indian Railway Company. Satyendra Nath Bose married Ushabati Ghosh in 1914 when he was 20 and she was 11. Nine children, two of whom died in early childhood. He left behind his wife, 2 sons, and 5 daughters when he died in 1974.

– Bose, being a polyglot, was well-versed in several languages such as Bengali, English, French, German, and Sanskrit as well as the poetry of Lord Tennyson, Rabindranath Tagore, and Kalidasa.

Research career:-

– He was a lecturer in the physics department of the Rajabazar Science College from 1916 to 1921. Bose prepared the first book in English on Einstein’s special and general relativity in 1919, along with Saha.

– Bose attended Hindu School and Presidency College in Calcutta, earning the highest marks at each institution, while a fellow student and future astrophysicist Meghnad Saha came second.

– He joined as a Reader of the Department of Physics of the recently founded University of Dhaka (in present-day Bangladesh) in 1921. Bose established new departments, including laboratories, to teach advanced courses for MSc and BSc honors. He taught thermodynamics as well as James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism.

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